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US officials defend Venezuela oil deal amid questions over rebuilding plan

The Guardian · 2026-09-01

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                <title>US officials defend Venezuela oil deal amid questions over rebuilding plan  | US foreign policy | The Guardian</title>
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srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b34a6037ec5d54ecd289711958e3558a35c0a8d0/482_0_4796_3839/master/4796.jpg?width=465&amp;dpr=2&amp;s=none&amp;crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.25), (min-width: 320px) and (min-resolution: 120dpi)"/><source srcSet="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b34a6037ec5d54ecd289711958e3558a35c0a8d0/482_0_4796_3839/master/4796.jpg?width=465&amp;dpr=1&amp;s=none&amp;crop=none" media="(min-width: 320px)"/><img alt="Man walks past mural" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/media/b34a6037ec5d54ecd289711958e3558a35c0a8d0/482_0_4796_3839/master/4796.jpg?width=465&amp;dpr=1&amp;s=none&amp;crop=none" width="465" height="372.2133027522936" loading="eager" class="dcr-up96pv"/></picture><span class="dcr-kogzpx"><div class="dcr-18mnkpm"><div class="dcr-1294qmb"><label for="the-checkbox" class="dcr-4sl2vt"><svg width="6" height="14" fill="white" viewBox="0 0 6 14"><path d="M4.6 12l-.4 1.4c-.7.2-1.9.6-3 .6-.7 0-1.2-.2-1.2-.9 0-.2 0-.3.1-.5l2-6.7H.7l.4-1.5 4.2-.6h.2L3 12h1.6zm-.3-9.2c-.9 0-1.4-.5-1.4-1.3C2.9.5 3.7 0 4.6 0 5.4 0 6 .5 6 1.3c0 1-.8 1.5-1.7 1.5z"></path></svg></label><input type="checkbox" id="the-checkbox"/> <div id="the-caption"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1mfxiaj"><span class="dcr-13i4yc9"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1cipnsy">A man walks past a mural of oil pumps in Caracas. US officials said the deal would create a stable platform for democracy to return in Venezuela.</span> Photograph: Pedro Mattey/AP</figcaption></div></div></div></span><a href="#img-1" data-ignore="global-link-styling" class="open-lightbox dcr-zwabc0" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"><button data-element-id="a4c792ed-418e-4437-9e4d-35b8af3e9c3c" type="button" class="open-lightbox dcr-1bitgpn" aria-haspopup="dialog"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23 8.75V1.5l-.5-.5h-7.25v1.25l4.5.6L14 8.575 15.4 10l5.75-5.725.6 4.475zm-22 6.5v7.25l.475.5h7.25v-1.25l-4.475-.6 5.725-5.775L8.6 14l-5.775 5.725-.575-4.475z"></path></svg><span class="dcr-1shbixy">View image in fullscreen</span></button></a></div><span class="dcr-qda0hp"><figcaption data-spacefinder-role="inline" class="dcr-1e9iiy9"><span class="dcr-13i4yc9"><svg width="18" height="13" viewBox="0 0 18 13"><path d="M18 3.5v8l-1.5 1.5h-15l-1.5-1.5v-8l1.5-1.5h3.5l2-2h4l2 2h3.5l1.5 1.5zm-9 7.5c1.9 0 3.5-1.6 3.5-3.5s-1.6-3.5-3.5-3.5-3.5 1.6-3.5 3.5 1.6 3.5 3.5 3.5z"></path></svg></span><span class="dcr-1cipnsy">A man walks past a mural of oil pumps in Caracas. US officials said the deal would create a stable platform for democracy to return in Venezuela.</span> Photograph: Pedro Mattey/AP</figcaption></span></figure></div></div></div><aside data-gu-name="title" class="dcr-rkugzy"><div class="dcr-4vvq0s"><div class="dcr-0"><span class="dcr-c2pk3s"></span><a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/us-foreign-policy" data-component="section" data-link-name="article section" class="content__label__link dcr-b3hcnl"><span>US foreign policy</span></a></div></div></aside><div data-gu-name="headline" class="dcr-1wkqsgl"><div class="dcr-6mja0y"><h1 class="dcr-l0wuod">US officials defend Venezuela oil deal amid questions over rebuilding plan </h1></div></div><div data-gu-name="standfirst" class="dcr-47amn7"><div class="dcr-8q9fjy"><p>Government talks up pact but Venezuelan opposition alarmed that democracy yet to return after Maduro exit</p></div></div><aside data-gu-name="meta" class="dcr-c3afk8"><div class="dcr-1r7uyhr"><svg 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reserves, arguing that the sweeping agreement would help stabilize and rebuild democracy in the shattered South American country while giving Washington vital access to strategic crude reserves.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">Last week, Donald Trump <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2026/aug/28/trump-venezuela-oil-agreement" data-link-name="in body link">announced</a> a “groundbreaking” deal that would give the US “majority” control over 65bn barrels – roughly one-fifth – of Venezuela’s oil reserves.</p><div id="sign-in-gate"></div><p class="dcr-1s160rg">On Tuesday, US officials argued that the agreement would create a stable economic platform to restore Venezuelan democracy after nearly three decades of autocratic rule under former president Nicolás Maduro and his predecessor, Hugo Chávez. But the pact, forged after months of secret talks, has provoked outrage among Venezuela’s opposition, already furious that democracy has still to return to the country eight months after the removal of Maduro by US special forces.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">“They are inheriting a government that is generating revenue that can be used to rebuild that country,” a US official said during a conference call with journalists on Tuesday.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">According to a <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/08/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-historic-oil-agreement-to-secure-american-energy-dominance-and-drive-venezuelas-economic-recovery/" data-link-name="in body link">White House fact sheet</a> released on Monday, the agreement granted the US-backed North American Blue Energy Partners (Nabep) <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/fact-sheets/2026/08/fact-sheet-president-donald-j-trump-announces-historic-oil-agreement-to-secure-american-energy-dominance-and-drive-venezuelas-economic-recovery/" data-link-name="in body link">100-year ‌rights over 17 oil fields</a> in what it touted as “the biggest oil deal in world history”.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">On Tuesday, a US official said allowing Nabep, which is owned by the controversial Venezuelan businessman Alejandro Betancourt, to take over several oil fields would provide capital to “ramp up production rapidly”.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">“That in turn will generate royalty revenue for the government – initially, the interim government for the time being – but ultimately for the republic, for the democratic elected government,” the official said.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">“We can hand over a more stable Venezuela. But no matter what, a democratically elected Venezuela is still going to face challenges after 20 somewhat years of the disaster of Chavismo [the leftist ideology promoted by Chávez] and Maduro after the country was dismantled from the inside out, and it needs to be rebuilt.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">“That’s going to take time. You don’t reverse 20 years of corruption, 20 years of kleptocracy, 20 years of no democracy, no freedom.”</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">The justification for the takeover of 17 oil fields previously controlled by Chinese and Russian companies came as Trump met oil refinery executives to discuss ways of converting crude into petrol and lowering prices for motorists at the pumps.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">Chris Wright, the energy secretary, was due to fly to Caracas, the Venezuelan capital, on Tuesday to follow up last week’s deal, which Trump has hailed as “a historic transaction” to fill the US’s strategic oil reserves.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">The oil deal has been given added urgency by Trump’s decision to go to war with Iran last February, which has caused fuel prices to soar after the Iranian forces retaliated by closing the strait of Hormuz, previously a passageway for 20% of the world’s oil supplies. Petrol prices now average about $4.10 a gallon compared with under $3 before the war started.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">Increased petrol prices have filtered into the rest of the economy and led to significant drops in Trump’s popularity, with polls showing a majority of voters disapproving of his handling of the war and the economy.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">The economic outlook formed the backdrop to the oil deal with Venezuela, first announced last Friday.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">The agreement was backed by Venezuela’s national assembly – dominated by the ruling United Socialist party – on Tuesday after the country’s president, Delcy Rodríguez, defended it at the weekend.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">“The benefits are endless,” <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/aug/30/venezuela-delcy-rodriguez-says-oil-deal-with-trump-has-endless-benefits" data-link-name="in body link">claimed</a> Rodríguez, a former vice-president whom Trump backed after ordering Maduro’s capture.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">Opposition critics have complained that the Trump administration has made no attempt to promote a transformation to democracy or stage new elections since Maduro was detained by US forces and taken to New York to face criminal charges after a raid on his Caracas residence in January.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">Instead, the White House has chosen to work with Rodríguez, despite her past vocal hostility to the US and previous roles in anti-opposition crackdowns in a regime that Washington believes has stolen recent elections.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg">The official said talks between the Venezuelan government and the opposition were set to resume later this month. “The last thing we want to see is a new democratic elected government inherit a country in crisis,” he said.</p><p class="dcr-1s160rg"><em>Joseph Gedeon contributed reporting</em></p><figure id="9cb69b76-2815-44f5-8cd6-91f014ccf1e0" data-spacefinder-role="inline" data-spacefinder-type="model.dotcomrendering.pageElements.ReporterCalloutBlockElement" class="dcr-d9bay7"><gu-island name="ReporterCalloutBlockComponent" priority="feature" deferUntil="visible" props="{&quot;callout&quot;:{&quot;mainText&quot;:&quot;&lt;p&gt;The Guardian app has a tool to send tips about stories. 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If you have something to share on this subject, you can contact us confidentially using the following methods:</p></div></div><div class="dcr-nwzm1a"><h4 class="dcr-1sb3xnn">Secure Messaging in the Guardian app</h4><div><p>The Guardian app has a tool to send tips about stories. Messages are end to end encrypted and concealed within the routine activity that every Guardian mobile app performs. This prevents an observer from knowing that you are communicating with us at all, let alone what is being said.</p><p></p><p>If you don’t already have the Guardian app, download it (<a href="https://apps.apple.com/app/the-guardian-live-world-news/id409128287">iOS</a>/<a href="https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.guardian">Android</a>) and go to the menu. Select ‘Secure Messaging’. </p></div></div><div class="dcr-nwzm1a"><h4 class="dcr-1sb3xnn">SecureDrop</h4><div>If you can safely use the tor network without being observed or monitored you can send messages and documents to the Guardian via our <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/securedrop">SecureDrop platform.</a></div></div><div class="dcr-nwzm1a"><div><p>Our guide at <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/tips">theguardian.com/tips</a>&nbsp;lists several ways to contact us securely, and discusses the pros and cons of each.&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div><div class="dcr-m3gdrv"></div><label aria-hidden="true" for="expander-checkbox-Get in touch reporter callout" class="dcr-1mau6ov"><span id="svgplus" class="dcr-e34pfn"><svg viewBox="-3 -3 30 30" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" focusable="false" aria-hidden="true"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m10.8 13.2.425 9.8h1.525l.45-9.8 9.8-.45v-1.525l-9.8-.425-.45-9.8h-1.525l-.425 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