Hoover Institution, The Budget and Tax Effects of a Federal Public Option After COVID-19 (October 20, 2020)

… examine a variety of tax hike scenarios that could finance a public option and return federal debt projections to their pre-COVID-19 levels. Limiting the tax increases to high-earning households would produce marginal federal income tax rates of 60 percent in 2050, higher than any point in the last 40 years. Using broad-based taxes would require increasing all personal income tax rates by over 30 percent in 2050, raising taxes on middle-income families by over $2,000 a year. Alternatively, financing the public option with payroll taxes would require increasing the Hospital Insurance payroll tax by 180 percent in 2050, with taxes for typical families rising by over $3,900. In short, policymakers will likely need to choose between a number of significant tax hikes to help finance the high costs of a politically realistic public option. 1 Lanhee J. Chen, Ph.D. is the David and Diane Steffy Fellow in American Public Policy Studies at the Hoover Institution; Tom Church is a Policy Fellow at the Hoover …